Chapter 12 Study Guide

Romanesque Europe

Romanesque

• St. Sernin in Toulouse, c. 1070-1120
• Gislebertus, Last Judgment from Saint-Lazare, c. 1120-1135
• Sant’Ambrogio in Milan, late 11th to early 12th century
• Baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence, 1059
• Saint-Etienne in Caen, c. 1115-1120
• Durham Cathedral (interior), c. 1093
• Master Hugo, Moses Expounding the Law, c. 1135
• Eadwine the Scribe, Eadwine the Scribe at Work, c. 1160-1170
• Battle of Hastings, Bayeux Tapestry, c. 1070-1080

1. What is a relic? What is a reliquary?

2. What did people in the Christian world fear would happen in the year AD1000?

3. Draw a simple floorplan illustrating the ‘pilgrimage church’ type. Include and label the following:

a. nave

b. aisles

c. transept

d. crossing

e. ambulatory

f. chapels (draw at least 4)

4. What advantage did stone vaults have over wooden roofs?

5. Why were so many Romanesque churches of such great size, even though they were frequently located in isolated places with small congregations?

6. What was the Battle of Hastings and why is it important to our study of art?

Chapter 11 Study Guide

Early Medieval Europe

Early Medieval

• Chi-rho-iota page from the Book of Kells, Iona, Scotland, late 8th or early 9th century

• Saint Matthew from the Lindisfarne Gospels, Northumbria, England, c. 698-721

• High Cross of Muiredach, Monasterboice, Ireland, 923

• Equestrian statuette of a Carolingian ruler (Charlemagne or Charles the Bald), Metz, France, 9th century

• Saint Matthew from the Coronation Gospels, Aachen, Germany, c. 800-810

• Saint Matthew from the Ebbo Gospels, Hautvillers, France, c. 816-835

• Hildesheim Doors, Hildesheim, Germany, 1015

1. What was the only major institution to survive the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

2. The term ‘Insular’ encompasses the art of what region?

3. Who are the four evangelists and what are their symbols?

4. How did Charlemagne turn his court at Aachen into a major centre of culture and learning?

5. What does Charlemagne’s ‘Renovatio’ (Renewal) refer to? What was being renewed?

Chapter 10 Study Guide

The Islamic World

Islamic

• Dome of the Rock (interior), Jerusalem, 687-692
• Malwiya Minaret, Great Mosque at Samarra, 848-852
• Prayer hall of the Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain, 8th-10th centuries
• Court of the Lions, Palace of the Lions, Alhambra, Spain, 1354-1391
• Sinan, Mosque of Selim II (exterior), Edirne, Turkey, 1568-1575
• Bihzad, Seduction of Yusuf from Bustan of Sultan Husayn Mayqara, Afghanistan, 1488

1. What is a minaret?

2. What is the orientation of all mosques?

3. Explain the difference between mosaic tilework and cuerda seca tilework.

4. Why is abstract patterning so prevalent in Islamic decoration?

Extra Credit Essay

Extra CreditChoose one to two works of art or architecture which we have examined in class and write an essay (no less than 2 pages, no longer than 3) about it/them. Give a detailed visual analysis of the piece and explain its relevance to art history. Consider what previous events or works of art influenced its creation and what later works it may have influenced. If you choose to write about two pieces, write about how they relate to one another and how they differ. Finally, explain why you have chosen this work (or works) and why you find it interesting.

Maximum 5 points extra credit

Essay Questions

Choose ONE of the questions below and answer it in an essay that is at least 2 pages long (no longer than 3 pages). Use specific examples of works of art and architecture which we have looked at in class and that are relevant to your argument.

1. Classical Athens had a strong influence on later generations. How is its influence felt in the art and architecture of the Roman Empire? Use 3-5 specific examples to support your argument. Consider which aspects of the examples you have chosen reflect Greek prototypes and which aspects make them distinctly Roman.

2. The Etruscans and the Early Christians both buried their dead in underground necropoleis. Compare and contrast the two cultures with regards to their burial practices. Consider tomb decorations and sarcophagi when choosing your (4-6) examples.

(15 points)

Due: Monday May 12

Chapter 9 Study Guide

Byzantine Art

Byzantine

• Barberini Ivory (Justinian as World Conqueror), mid-sixth century
• Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus, Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, 532-537
• Justinian, Bishop Maximianus, and Attendants, San Vitale, Ravenna, c. 547
• Saint Apollinaris amid sheep, Sant’Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna, c. 533-549
• Christ as Pantokrator (‘Ruler of All’), Church of the Dormition, Daphni, c. 1090-1100
• Vladamir Virgin (Virgin of Compassion icon), late 11th or early 12th century

1. What city functioned as the capital of the Byzantine Empire? What is its modern day name?

2. How does the dome of Hagia Sophia differ from the dome of the Roman Pantheon in construction and material?

3. What aspects of the relief panel of Saint Michael the Archangel reflect classical influences (list 2)? What characteristics make it distinctly Byzantine (list 2)?

4. Define iconoclasm.

5. What is the subject of the Lamentation? Name at least 3 of the 5 biblical characters (excluding Jesus) most commonly depicted in Lamentation scenes.

Chapter 8 Study Guide

Late Antiquity

Early Christian

• Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, Rome, c. 359
• Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, c. 425
• Christ as Good Shepherd (mosaic), Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, c. 425
• The Parting of Abraham and Lot, Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, 432-440
• Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes, Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, c. 504
• Suicide of Judas and the Crucifixion, c. 420

1. How was Christ most often represented prior to Constantine, particularly during periods of persecution under emperors such as Trajan Decius and Diocletian?

2. Why were most early major churches built on the outskirts of the city of Rome?

3. List three attributes that representations of Christ acquired after Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire

4. Why was large-scale sculpture rare in early Christian places of worship?

5. Define the following terms:

a. codex

b. parchment

c. illuminated manuscript