Chapter 7 Study Guide

The Roman Empire

Early Empire

• Augustus Caesar as General, Primaporta, Italy, early 1st century AD

• Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace), Rome, Italy, c.13-9 BC
• Pont-du-Gard, Nimes, France, c. 16 BC
• Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheatre), Rome, Italy, c. 70-80 AD

High Empire

• Column of Trajan, Forum of Trajan, Rome, Italy, dedicated 112 AD
• Pantheon, Rome, Italy, 118-125 AD
• Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius, Rome, Italy, c. 175 AD

Late Empire

• Bust of Caracalla, c. 211-117 BC
• The Four Tetrarchs, Constantinople, c. 305 AD
• Arch of Constantine, Rome, Italy, 312-315 AD
• Colossal Head of Constantine, Basilica Nova, Rome, Italy, c. 315-330 AD

1. Who were the two legendary founders of Rome?

2. Which two cultures most strongly influenced the art of the Roman Empire?

3. What technological advancement allowed the Romans to build in a more innovative manner and on a grander scale (without the necessity for internal or external support) than other ancient civilizations?

4. What is verism?

5. Augustus ‘found Rome a city of __________ and transformed it into a city of __________.’

Arch of Titus question

6. What event did the relief panels from inside the passageway of the Arch of Titus commemorate?

7. The Treasury of Atreus was the largest dome in the ancient world for over a thousand years. Which dome of Roman construction finally surpassed it?

8. Compare and contrast the Greek Parthenon with the Roman Pantheon. Consider the following: function, location of worship or ritual, materials used, building techniques, style, location.

9. Portraits of the Tetrarchs were very different from portraits of leaders from the Early and High Empire. Describe the differences and explain why this change occurred.

10. Which Roman emperor made Christianity the official religion of the Empire?

The Vesuvian Sites

Pompeii and Herculaneum

• Atrium, House of the Vetii, Pompeii, Italy, 2nd century BC
• Dionysiac Mystery Frieze, Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii, Italy, c. 60-50 BC

1. What catastrophic event allowed the preservation of the sites near the Bay of Naples, such as Pompeii and Herculaneum?

2. Describe each of the Four Styles of Roman painting (1-3 sentences for each style).

3. What is a still-life painting?